Rev. Parris Greed and Lies in The Crucible - Literature Essay Samples

Human nature has a tendency, a fad if you will, to display traits of selfishness and a me first, you later attitude. This sort of thinking often leads people to do unjust or politically incorrect things, and it gets them in trouble with the law, the government, or other people. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible this sort of trait is shown by many characters, propelling the plot, and killing off more and more innocent people. No character displays this trait better than Reverend Parris, as throughout the script, every action that Parris makes is for a personal gain of some sort, or a level of self-preservation. Reverend Parris, in his acts of freed, self-preservation, and deceit, propels the plot and propels innocent people towards their deaths, all because he wishes to save his reputation and life. Parris, mostly at the beginning, allows his first character trait of greed to show. This revelation establishes an important baseline, because it manifests his character type, and tells the reasons why he does the many actions he performs later in the play. One example of Parris’ greed is when Parris is speaking to a group of people Putnam, Proctor, Rebbecca Nurse, and Giles and makes reference to the money that he should be allowed to be supplied with, as he wants more for firewood. He says that â€Å"The salary is sixty six pound, Mr. Proctor! I am not some preaching farmer with a book under my arm; I am a graduate of Harvard College† (Miller, 29). This shows that, because Mr. Parris left Barbados rich and supposedly fits the heroic and charitable image, he still yearns to be wealthy, as well as have power over the town at the same time. Another example of Parris’ greed arises not long after the conversation on wood, when Proctor mentions that Parris is the f irst minister of many to request a deed to the house that he lives in. Parris responds to this remark by saying, â€Å"Man! Don’t a minister deserve a house to live in?† (Miller 30). This, again, shows that Parris wants the comfort of living in affluence, while having the power of being a minister. His statement makes his character trait of greed extremely evident. It also displays to the reader that Parris might do things simply because he is greedy, or because he has ulterior motives. All in all, Parris’ greed, which plays in with other actions, brings out other emotions and voices that often make this particular character look bad. Yet his underhanded personality does not appear to the others visiting in the town, because he appears as a good citizen. Parris, as the plot progresses, further propels the accusation of witches, basically because he does not want his reputation tarnished or his position impeached. He goes about telling the truth, but he edits out the parts that could make him look in any way disreputable. This tactic shows his character trait of deceit. He is not quite ethical, because leaving out any truly important side of the truth is the same as telling a lie. One can assume that, if this is the case, then he lied at great length over the course of the play. In the beginning, while Parris is first meeting Rev. Hale, the two men have a conversation involving what the girls were doing in the woods. While they talk, he notes that â€Å"I think I ought to say that I I saw a kettle in the grass where they were dancing.† (Miller 42). This ties later with the fact that he forgets to mention this extremely important detail when it is about to bring Abigail down, and save John Proctor. However, to save his reputati on (which he thinks John Proctor is working to destroy) he leaves this detail out in order to essentially sentence John to death. He also, throughout the book, changes many of his statements as they best fit the situation, and whether he is speaking to someone who is on his side or not. Another example of Parris’ deceit occurs when he attempts to hide the truth, which he secretly knows. When Proctor presents the depositions with Mary Warren, Parris continuously claims â€Å"This is a clear attack upon the court!† (Miller 94). Though Danforth is not swayed by this action, it still shows that Parris is willing to anything to save his reputation, even lie and make false accusations. Parris tries to distract from the argument through this declaration; however, Hale jumps in with his natural logic and goes against the ploy, so that the conversation continues on. Parris, when his tactics are successful, makes characters such as John Proctor and Hale look as though they are t he ones telling the lies, even though they are the innocent ones. He is similar to Abigail in this character trait in that the more he lies, the more the other people look guilty. Overall, Parris’s motivations throughout the play are explained by his negative qualities, like greed and deceit. These qualities come out in a time when his reputation is at risk, and so he lashes out in order to save it. This general action alone accentuates his negative qualities. Parris attacks John, leaves the truth out about Abigail, and constantly begs for more money or material items. Though not all his demonstrations of his horrible character traits propel the plot in a negative direction, his character does evolve throughout the play, and with this evolution comes the destruction of other characters. There is a small chance that, if Parris did not have the characteristics he did, his initial response to what Abigail actually told him would have stopped the plot right in its tracks. Many lives would, indeed, have been saved.

Analysis Of The Book Narnia - 1679 Words

Besides the personification present in the book and its supposed spread of mysticism to children, â€Å"Narnia† has also been challenged as to not offend non-Christians, similar to how â€Å"Charlotte s Web was challenged as to not offend Muslims. Because Aslan is a Christ-like figure and because of the strong presence of Christian teachings in the books, challengers said that making children read the book in school in unfair to non-Christians. In 2005, Florida Governor Jeb Bush included â€Å"The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe† to his state’s encouraged-books-to-read list (Curry). However, Americans United for Separation of Church and State challenged this, saying the move was unconstitutional. â€Å"The state s sponsorship of the contest ‘creates the appearance of a governmental endorsement of the book s religious message, in violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,’† the group’s presi dent, Barry Lynn said (Curry). Interestingly, when â€Å"Harry Potter† was published — over 40 years after â€Å"Narnia† was — some people encouraged children to read the once-challenged series over â€Å"Harry Potter.† Chuck Colson, the founder of the outreach program Prison Fellowship Ministries, encouraged parents to provide their children with books that will better educate them about Christianity: (The ‘Narnia’) books also feature wizards and witches and magic, but in addition, they inspire the imagination within a Christian framework and prepare the hearts of readersShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Chronicles Of Narnia 1693 Words   |  7 PagesKendall Childers Dr. Sagerson ENGL 1302 September 14, 2015 Noble Act Andrew Anderson’s film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch, The Wardrobe starts off with four siblings who are escaping from the air strikes of World War II. The children escape to an old man’s mansion where they find a wardrobe that has a magical doorway to a mystical land called Narnia. While they are walking in Narnia their brother wonders off and finds the evil White Witch who lures him in through gluttony away from theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Chronicles Of Narnia 1576 Words   |  7 PagesClive Staples Lewis, although his name avowed around the world, his literary works are exceedingly identifiable to the common household. There are few children who have yet to experience the mystical land in â€Å"The Chronicles of Narnia† and numerous scholars who have dissected the â€Å"Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature†. Having written over thirty published works by his death in 1963, Lewis has explored close to every genre of literature. (CSLEWIS.COM) Referred to as one of the intellectualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book If The Chronicles Of Narnia 1269 Words   |  6 PagesIf The Chronicles of Narnia is read in chronological order, C.S. Lewis introduces Polly Plummer as his first main female character in The Magician’s Nephew. However, the title indicates this story is not about her; it is about Digory, the magician’s nephew. She explores and travels with Digory as his friend, but her involvement in the story is mainly seen through her impact on Digory’s perspective and decisions. Nevertheless, by the same feminist ideology that declares each person prove her own meritRead MoreSymbolism Between C.S. Lewis ´ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe and The New Testament in the Bible1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe symbolism between C.S. Lewis’ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, the fourth book in The Chronicles of Narnia, and the New Testament in the Bible, particularly the acc ount of Jesus’ death is not merely coincidental because The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is, in fact, an allegory. An allegory is a story with morals in which characters, plots and settings are used as symbols. The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, by C.S. Lewis is rich with Christian symbolism even though the allegoricalRead MoreThe Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesand characters seem improbable, the four children in the book—Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy—are realistically portrayed as well-rounded characters with individual strengths and faults. Although the novel is recognized as a children’s fantasy book, it is also popular with adults as the story contains bits of modern culture, vivid descriptions of violence and is heavy on Christian allegory. As much as the readers enjoy the magical land of Narnia, 21st century life is not exactly full of Dryads, NaiadsRead MoreGender Roles in Narnia1647 Words   |  7 PagesRegarded as one of the most beloved children books of the twentieth century, C. S. Lewis’ The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe has found its way into the prolific canon of British literature and into the hearts of both children and adults alike. Published in 1950, this tale of a frost-bitten wood, fauns, and other fantastic events is masterfully written to appeal to all ages. Set during World War II in England, four children are sent to live with an old professor in a mansion in the English countrysideRead MoreAn Analysis of the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chronicles of Narnia are veritably the most popular writings of C.S. Lewis. They are known as children’s fantasy literature, and have found favor in older students and adults alike, even many Christian theologian s enjoy these stories from Lewis; for there are many spiritual truths that one can gleam from them, if familiar with the Bible. However, having said this, it is noteworthy to say that Lewis did not scribe these Chronicles for allegorical didactics of the Christian faith, but wrote themRead More Harry Potter is a Classic Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesPOTTER—MORE THAN A CONTEMPORARY PHENOMENON What makes a book a classic? What is it about a book that will have generation after generation reading it? English Literature majors could spend hours theorizing the answers to this question. One series of texts that has received publicity and wide-spread acclaim over the past seven years is the Harry Potter collection. J.K. Rowling could never have possibly imagined how her little book about a boy with broken glasses and a scar on his foreheadRead More The Childlike and Biblical Connotations in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe1995 Words   |  8 PagesThe Childlike and Biblical Connotations in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe       Throughout his writing career, CS Lewis has been known for writing many books with a hint of biblical connotations in them. As Kathryn Lindskoog states, CS Lewis is known for opposing the spirit of modern thought with the unpopular Christian doctrines of sin and evil (2083). Lewis himself has said, You never know how much you really believe anything until its truth or falsehood becomes a matter ofRead MoreMagic Of Children s Literature Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pageschildren’s literature They creativity of authors and illustrator gives books a magical and meaningful touch for children literature. As illustrators are choosing the characters for the stories they are very careful, they take in consideration the age of children. Books for young readers may have a magical touch in their characters, illustrations, and in their setting. The magic catches the children’s attention, making the book more interesting for them to read and learn from them. Magic realism is

Essay on Lets End the Pain and Suffering of Racism

Does this fit feel alright? Dennis asked the little boy, he nodded. Thank you, said his mother, come on Michael lets go the check out. Dennis got up and headed back to his post. â€Å"Dennis to the manager’s office,† came on the shoes store intercom. Dennis sighed and headed to Mr. Bleaks office. Good evening Mr. Bleak, Dennis greeted his boss. Hello Dennis, take a seat. I called you in here to let to tell you now that today is your last day working here; I’m going to have to let you go. What, why?! Because you are stealing shoes, said Mr. Bleak. No, I never stolen anything, I swear. No, use lying Dennis, you’re lucky I’m not calling the cops. Just collect your things and get out of my store. I can’t believe this, Dennis muttered on his way†¦show more content†¦Another problem society faces this age and time is vanity. People are so obsessed with looks that it is destroying lives. People become shallow and believe that the way they l ook is more important than their character. Serous psychological disorders can develop from this attitude. People develop eating disorders and sometimes even commit suicide if they think they’re â€Å"ugly.† In America vanity is just as much of a disease as racism. Teenagers have the biggest problem of vanity in America. Not only do they deal with the stress of grades and family life. Add the desperation to look good, in order to become popular and get a Boyfriend/Girlfriend it’s no wonder that 1 in 12 teenagers attempt suicide (Neal). I believe that if we could end vanity these numbers would reduce substantially. But how can society prevent something like racism and vanity? These believes are usually taught by parents or peers to children, and really it’s impossible to control what parents teach their own children. We cannot monitor what a mother tells her children in her own home. We do not want to live in an Orwellian form of government. So government interference simply will not do. My solution to end the problems of racism and vanity in America is simple. I purpose that we surgically blind all children upon birth. A racist person cannot oppress someone if they don’t know what race they are, which would make racism impossible. Also people will not be able to judge one another if theyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Changes Brought About by the Civil Rights Movement1095 Words   |  5 Pagesteenagers were hanging around on the street, the police officer wouldnt check them. All of the examples above can be concluded in one word, which is racism. Racism happened a lot at United State, the whites treated the African-American badly and called them blacks or niggers. Despite the fact that racism occurred a lot, not everyone supported and followed racism, some protested, some stood up to fight. 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McDonalds Environmental & Stakeholders Analysis in Bangladesh

Question: McDonald's want to open a branch in Bangladesh. It has analysed the its environmental analysis but the Stakeholder analysis has not been done yet. Now provide a stakeholder analysis for McDonald's in Bangladesh based on recent condition of Bangladesh. Use framework or model to analyse it (for example : Mendelow's matrix, Freeman etc). Clearly indentify your all types stakeholder. Find out what relationship marketing will be appropiate for McDonald's in Bangladesh and suggest what relationship marketing they need to follow. Answer: McDonalds franchise in Bangladesh McDonalds, the worlds largest chain of fast food, serves around 68 million customers in 119 countries with the total outlet of 36,538, everyday(Kroc, 2016). Stakeholder analysis is a type of business technique which helps to identify people who the company has to keep satisfied, keep informed, apply minimum effort or consider as key players. As there isnt any specific law or a separate governing body that regulates the business, franchisees in Bangladesh have to agree upon every terms and condition that the parent company put forward. Majority of the population eats beef so McDonalds dont have to necessarily change their menu unlike India. The first step of stakeholders analysis is to identify major stockholders. The next step is to prioritize the stakeholders by following Mendelows matrix which basically shows the interrelationship between power of the stockholders and their interest. It helps us to know the people or organizations which may be affected by McDonalds decisions (Thompson, 2016). Using this categorization, we can plan how much resources we want to spend for each category. Let us start with the stakeholder analysis: Identifying the stakeholders, they are: Buyers (customers) Suppliers Employees Board of directors Creditors Shareholders Government Media Community Determining their needs and issues: Buyers and customer: the impact of change is significant for customers as they are the ones who regularly visit the store. Customers want new products and consistent products, it is important that McDonalds cater to their needs as they are the most important stakeholders. Suppliers: The impact of change is high for supplier as they work closely with mcdonalds and changes will have direct impact on the supplier. they want a consistent and a steady order from the vendor and prompt payment. Supplier can create issues for McDonalds by not providing consistent and quality products. Employees: Employees work day in and day out with McDonalds, so change will have a direct impact on them. Employees require a career growth, money and security from the employers whereas the issues could be the quality of experience the employees provide to the customers. Board of directors: board of directors are normally the creators of change, and but over impact of change on them is very little as they are not involved in day to day activities of the company. Their need is that the company grows every year sustainably. Creditors: Change will have limited impact on them, they are majorly concerned with the companys ability to pay what is owed. Creditors want the company to perform well so that it can keep on fulfilling obligations. Shareholders: Change will have an impact on shareholders, they need to be informed about what effect change will have on them. Shareholders like board of directors want to ensure that the company is perfoming well and giving good returns every year. Government: government is hardly effected by any changes in McDonalds, rather they are the creators of change. Government wants to promote foreign investment in the country, therefore it wants companies like Mcdonals to establish business in Banglash and grow. Media - Media is not directly associated with McDonalds so they have limited impact of change. Media basically wants advertisement and news from McDonalds and advertisement is something that McDonalds regularly provides to media companies. Community community will be affected because of the change as they are in regular interaction with McDonalds. The community that McDonalds wants McDonalds to give back to the society, and they are constantly involved in CSR activities to ensure that they are giving back to the society. Identifying power and responsibility: Buyers and Customers: they hold tremendous power as it is for the customers that the company is established. Their needs and desires need to be addressed all the time. Supplier Power of supplier is high as the quality of raw materials and supply chain depends on them, the interest is also high as their business is directly linked with McDonalds, so they fall under the category of key players. Suppliers play a critical role in the over quality and image that McDonalds has, the consistent their product and service, the better the brand image. Employee Employee have low power but high interest as their living depends on their job so they fall under the category of keep informed. Employees directly influence the business and therefore are primary stakeholders. Board of director they have both high power as well as high interest and fall under the category of key players. They directly influence the strategies of a company and have to be regularly informed. Creditor they have low level of power as well as low level of interest in the decision made by the company, though they are primary stakeholders, their direct intent in the company is less. Shareholder it depends on them as individuals, some have high power and low interest while some have low power and high interest(theexpgroup, 2014). But they have to be regularly informed as they collectively play a key role in the growth and future of the company. The secondary stakeholders are: Government the power is very high as they have the authority to change policy and have the power of withdrawing plans and also the interest is high due to tax income and environmental issues. Though they directly dont influence the everyday functioning of the company. Media- they have high power in terms of manipulation of news and though the Bangladeshi media has low interest in terms of fast food. Media will play a key role in maintaining a consistent brand image. Community- they have low interest and low power thus they fall under minimum effort. They fall under secondary stakeholders. Stakeholder Analysis Map Impact Of Change On Stakeholder High Employees Board of Directors Buyers Medium Stakeholders Low Creditors Suppliers Media Government Community Opponents Followers Enthusiasts Stakeholder involvement requirements: Buyers (customers): they are normally ok with the change as the change is good for them. They are normally informed through media and advertisements. Suppliers Suppliers are ok with any kind of change as long as it doesnt effect the operations and payment of the supplier. Their initial position would be neutral and the information flow has to take place through the procurement manager. Employees their initial position is resistance and they may object to change as its a human nature. They need to be handled really well and the information flow has to take place through supervisors. Board of directors their response can be varied based on the type of change that is about to take place. They may approve or disapprove the change, information flow is through the CEO. Creditors they are also not adversely effected by change, they need to be informed by the accounting team hareholders though they are not directly effected by the change, they need to be constantly informed and updated, the senior management has to do this job. Government The government is an important player, but they have minimal effect because of the change, if the change has an effect on the government policies, then the spokesperson should inform the government. Media the change may not effect the media, but the media can be used to help build a better brand image, so the spokesperson should inform the media. Community community may be effected by the change, if the change is positive then the community would easily accept the change and the spokesperson should inform about the change. Stakeholder Movement Planning Stakeholder Group or Name Anticipated or Initial Position Action Responsible for Action Buyers Neutral Inform about the change Media Suppliers Neutral Inform about the change Procurement team Employees Resistance Inform about the change Supervisor Board of directors Depends on type of change Inform about the change CEO stakeholders Depends on type of change Inform about the change Spokesperson creditors Neutral Inform about the change Management Government Minimal Not always necessary Spokesperson Media Minimal Not always necessary Spokesperson Community Affected by change Inform about the change Spokesperson Once the above is done, each stakeholder needs to be reviewed for a few weeks to determine if the change is working well with the stakeholders. McDonalds stakeholder analysis Organizations that are key partners need to communicate major decisions and planning issues. Organizations under keep satisfied should be informed as well as should be provided with incentives, companies under keep informed should be provided with plan justification, and implementation and organizations under minimum effort usually accepts the decisions made by the company. Relationship management is the facet of CRM which mainly focuses on customer loyalty and their retention, the goal of relationship management is to create a strong and emotional long term connection with their customer because acquiring new customer cost as much as 5 times as retaining them(Anon., 2012). Thus building a bond with them and making McDonalds their first choice is the main purpose as there are many new fast food chains like rush bowls, subway in Bangladesh . Technology has helped the developing country to boost the internal operation by tracking, analyzing data and making necessary changes to retain customers. If MacDonald decides to open up a new chain in Bangladesh it should: Involve in networking -expand potential customer base by building communities and involving in two way communication Cherish each customer-track the datas, choice, buying pattern of customers for better service Build brand identity-this will help the customer to focus on McDonalds and make it their first choice, McDonalds can also add selected Bangladeshi spices to twist the flavor Organize events -modify menus during festivals, organize exciting competition mainly in festivals like eid , durga puja etc. Proper customer service addressing their complaints, giving complementary goods, friendly staff, homely environment etc(Anon., 2012) References: Anon., 2012. accounting web. [Online] Available at: https://www.accountingweb.com/practice/practice-excellence/five-relationship-marketing-strategies-that-work [Accessed 23 August 2016]. Anon., 2012. Marketing schools. [Online] Available at: https://www.marketing-schools.org/types-of-marketing/relationship-marketing.html [Accessed 23 August 2016]. Kroc, R. A., 2016. Mcdonald's. [Online] Available at: https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/about-us.html [Accessed 23 August 2016]. Peterson, H., 2014. business insider. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/what-it-costs-to-open-a-mcdonalds-2014-11 [Accessed 24 August 2016]. theexpgroup, 2014. youtube. [Online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yPji5L9f3U [Accessed 24 August 2016]. Thompson, R., 2016. mindtools. [Online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_07.htm [Accessed 23 August 2016].

Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow

Introduction Liebow wrote about Tally’s Corner in 1964 where he disclosed the nature of life in urban centers especially those of blacks. The book enlightened people about the importance of improving lives for there to be sustainable development. The book exposed presented a different perspective about the perception of black people.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In ‘Tell Them Who I am,’ Liebow presents the theories surrounding homelessness while disclosing the real dissimilarities and dignities constitutes homelessness. The status of women in relation to homelessness is carefully documented. The write reveals that homeless women are not those seen in streets instead, the real ones exist within society implying that they interrelate and interact with other members of society. It is th erefore clear that ‘homelessness’ in this contest is not used to refer to women lacking places they call home instead it reports the deprived positions of women in society. Women are denied opportunities in society such as suffrage rights, political rights and economic rights. The problems faced by women according to Liebow are both domestic and external. This paper therefore analyzes the challenges faced by women according to Liebow and some of the ways that women can apply in acquiring their identity in society. Challenges Facing Women in Society Work and Job For somebody to survive in the modern society, he/she must work hence work grants an individual identity. Jobs that people do provide them with independence and connects them to the wider society (Lieboe 51). Women are not given equal opportunities that would guarantee employment. They cannot access telephone services that could link them with potential employers. The employers on their part contribute to women w oes because they do not make efforts of calling them since they cannot access communication lines (Liebow 53). The writer though reports that it is not the interest of women to be homeless since they have the capacity to work and provide themselves with whatever they want. The society is to blame for homelessness. The society associates homeless women with all kinds of evil such as alcoholism and prostitution. The shelter staff is not excluded either because it treats homeless women with low esteem to an extent of proposing against their employment.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Family Life The homeless women have no families, their relatives disown them and no one associates with them. There is no comfortable life since the couple does not settle to char their way out. Freedom of expression and association is completely cut, the management restricts associations an d women are not allowed to take their own stands pertaining to their lives. Every form of interaction is controlled and activity is performed in openness, there is no secrecy. Women have nothing they can call their own; the family no longer exercise its basic role of socialization since every member of society is on their own. Life is unfavorable especially for women because they are treated as kids and people with mental illness (Liebow 87). Domestic Violence It is reported that Biff, Natalia’s husband was violent and drunkard, he could force Rick and Natalie to spend their nights in the colds running away from beatings (Liebow 88). Men have no respect to women even to their little jobs because they demand attention from them even when they are busy. Natalia is reported to have been hospitalized trying to commit suicide because of pressure from her family. Male patriarchy contributes to domestic violence because men think they own women and they decide what women should do. Lack of Independence Women do not have independent rights or freedoms, they are told what to do and how they should live. Regina was snatched away the child by her parents on claims that she could not raise it. The kid was later on taught to call Regina by her names, which upset her so much. Men used women as sex objects and dumped them away. The case of Regina serves as an example since she got pregnant at the age of 15. Regina herself does not know the father because she was born out of wedlock. Victims of Crime It is reported that Regina fell a victim of rape by unknown assailant who broke in her room and forced her to have oral sex. The act affected her psychologically calling for a therapy treatment. The crime affected her greatly forcing her to quit working hence depending on grants again.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most women at the time were mistreated by their husbands and forced to divorce with children without any property. They could only depend on well-wishers and humanitarian organizations to provide refuge to them. Women engaged in prostitution and drug abuse because they had nothing to do in the society, they did them to earn livings. Critique: Feminist Movements Women have since stood out strongly to oppose the existing social organization where men dictate everything for them. They are against injustice such as domestic violence, lack maternity leave, unequal pay, sexual harassment and sexual violence as well. The initial campaigns targeted women suffrage, which later extended to demanding for gender equality in law and culture. Liebow wrote at a time when gender equality was at its peak. More developments were championed after Second World War. The wave brought about more changes, which liberated women from men captivity. The movements have succeeded in chang ing people’s perception about the role of women in the society. Women in the modern world can participate in democratic processes meaning that they can vote and be voted for. Education is no longer a men’s affair but women can also participate and compete if they so wish. Separation and divorce is not the way it used to be as reported by Liebow, whatever the couple had accumulated is shared equally should divorce occur. Many women have taken over leadership positions and are proving to be equally competent. This has greatly affected gender roles and division of labor within households. Women have also achieved a lot in religious front since women have been ordained as bishops especially in the Anglican Church. Conclusion Elliot Liebow exposes some of the injustices that women went through during the dark ages of the world. The injustices revealed how serious the plight of women was in the society.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ideas acted as a benchmark for some feminist activists who moved with speed to address the challenges. A lot have been achieved but more should be done if gender equality has to be realized fully. The campaign should be all-inclusive meaning that it should involve women alone. Work Cited Liebow, Elliot. Tell them who I am, the Lives of Homeless Women. London, UK: Simon and Schuster. 1993. This critical writing on Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow was written and submitted by user Sadie O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hoc-est Corpus †This is My Body †Religious Studies Essay

Hoc-est Corpus – This is My Body – Religious Studies Essay Free Online Research Papers Hoc-est Corpus This is My Body Religious Studies Essay Ever wonder where the phrase hocus pocus came from? It is corrupted from the Latin, hoc-est corpus, meaning: This is my body. Throughout history transubstantiationalist beliefs abound, mostly in archaic cultures. Plants and animals involved in sacraments and rituals were believed to literally transform into the flesh of the gods. Cultures and religions all over the world have used entheogens (term to describe plants and chemicals that have religious import) in their spiritual practices, incorporating religious, medicinal, and psychotherapeutic dimensions, transcendence to communicate with the gods. From 1,000 to 500 B.C.E., in Central and South America, psilocybin was given the name Temamacatlth which means Gods flesh. Ayahuasca or DMT, called vine of the soul, is still used in these religious ceremonies spanning 70 different peoples also in Central and South America. Chemists have been baffled for years by the extensive knowledge of these indigenous people, and the plants they use for healing and spiritual purposes. The tribes claim that their knowledge came from the plants themselves, which they are able to communicate with while being intoxicated. Peyote, in North America, is viewed not as a plant, but as a god by the Huichol Indians of Mexico and is used as a spiritual medicine, a plant sacrament, and plant teacher, but is considered an entire way of life. According to Ralph Metzner, a professor of psychology at the California Institute of Integral Studies, the use of hallucinogens as an adjunct to yogic practices is known to this day in India, among certain Shaivite sects in particular (Hallucinogens: A Reader p. 23). Marijuana has been called weed of wisdom and angels food, and is mentioned in the Bible several times. For example, in Exodus 30:23, God commands Moses to make a holy anointing oil of myrrh, sweet cinnamon, kassia and kaneh bosm. Kaneh bosm in Hebrew, literally means, kannabos or kannabus. Sometimes it is mistranslated into calamus. The root kan means reed or hemp, and bosm means aromatic. Other examples are found in Song of Solomon 4:14, Isaiah 43:24, Jeremiah 6:20, and Ezekiel 27:19. In the Jewish sect of Ess ene, every prophet had to go through an initiation, which consisted of a sacred meal where God was identified as being part of the consumed. Taoists refer to psilocybin as the divine mushroom of immortality. Gordon Wasson postulates in his book Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality, that â€Å"soma† in Vedic literature, a red fruit leading to spontaneous but impermanent enlightenment to those who ingest it, is actually the Fly Agaric, Amanita Muscaria Mushroom. It is thought by some that Aristotle, Plato and Sophocles all participated in ceremonies at a temple in Eluesis which honored Demeter, the earth goddess, in which a fungal concoction was served that some, including Albert Hoffmann, Carl Ruck and Gordon Wasson speculate, is an LSD-like, ergot-derived beverage. Let me provide just a spectrum of different religious uses people would use these substances for: opening of extrasensory channels of perception such as telepathy, clairvoyance, and astral projection, loss of the fear of death, profound personal transformation and rejuvenation, communion with natural forces, animals and plant life, rites of passage with themes of birth, sex and death, reclaiming ancestral heritage, connection with a totem animal, direct communication or even possession by deities or demons and other archetypal beings, healing mediated by spirit guides or animal helpers, and quite often used in combination with other spiritual practices such as yoga, meditation and prayer. Throughout human experience, entheogens have had a role in religious institutions. I will argue that in a country where religious freedom is granted, the use of these substances should be recognized for their religious value, and be protected under civil liberties. Furthermore, to deny this right is not only a contradiction of the constitution but an act of oppression and discrimination against the God-given right to control destinies as well as religious evolution. Not until the 16th century did political systems formally forbid these substances. Punishment for ingestion was often death. â€Å"Witches† persecuted during the inquisitions were accused of using hallucinogenic plants, specifically those of the nightshade family such as mandrake. For this many were tortured, murdered and burned. â€Å"The mandrake is the ‘Tree of Knowledge† and the burning love ignited by its pleasure is the origin of the human race (Hugo Rahner Greek Myths in Christian Meaning, 1957).† They also used the stereotypical amphibians in their witches’ brews, whose secretions are hallucinogenic much like the Colorado River Toad which secretes considerable amounts of DMT-like compounds. This attitude has been carried over into our current attitudes and laws regarding these substances. In the first amendment to the United States Constitution, all citizens are granted the right to religious freedom. But what constitutes religious freedom? Furthermore, what constitutes religious experience? The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy by Simon Blackburn defines religious experience as any experience carrying as its content the presence of something divine or transcendentas being able to comprehend a timeless and eternal divine order to the universe. Further, it defines freedom as a condition of liberation from social and cultural forces that are perceived as impeding self-realization.† To become free is therefore a challenge that is only met by personal transformation. There are common misconceptions regarding the definition of religion which have crept into our culture. The Webster’s Dictionary defines religion as 1) a belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe; 2) a set of beliefs, values, and pra ctices based on the teachings of a spiritual leader. It defines religious as having or showing belief and reverence for God or a deity. Buddhism, though, is non-theistic, not believing in a creator and governor of the universe. Still, it is recognized as a religion. According to definition number two, one can be part of a religion as long as one follows the teachings of a spiritual leader and thus be protected under the first amendment. Why then cant anyone follow the teaching of a Native American spiritual leader, under the protection under law? On the very first page of Aldous Huxleys The Doors of Perception, he says, In the words of one of the early Spanish visitors to the New World, they eat a root which they call peyote, and which they venerate as though it were a deity. Hallucinogens such as LSD, DMT, cannabis, mescaline, psilocybin (mushrooms) and peyote are all listed as Schedule One by our government. To be classified Schedule One means three things: that these substances have 1) a high potential for abuse, 2) no currently accepted medicinal use in treatment in the United States, and 3) a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. There are many inherent problems with this law. Marijuana has been used and prescribed by doctors all over the U.S. for things such as glaucoma, depression, anorexia and for cancer patients going through chemotherapy. Yet the government says that there is no accepted medicinal use of marijuana. Why is this? The law says The listing of peyote as a controlled substance in Schedule One does not apply to the non-drug use of peyote in bona fide religious ceremonies of the Native American Church, and members of the Native American Church so using peyote are exempt from registration.† In states such as Arizona, Colorado, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin, the use of peyote is only protected within Native American Church ceremonies. Idaho and Texas, however, require some Native American Heritage in order to be exempt. What does it mean when they use the term â€Å"non-drug use†? They’re saying that when you use a drug for religious reasons it is no longer a drug. When you take a drug for negative reasons then it is a drug. The Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines drug as â€Å"a substance used as a medication or in the preparation of medication. Dictionary.com defines drug as 1) â€Å" A substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease or as a component of a medication; and as 2) A chemical substance, such as a narcotic or hallucinogen, that affects the central nervous system, causing changes in behavior.† Peyote is a drug! No matter how you use it. In the Tao Te Ching it says, â€Å"Nature provides everythingfor all without discrimination Therefore let us present the same face to everyone and treat all men as equals. But notice how the law specifies that peyote may only be used by a religious organization. Therefore, one doesnt have religious freedom unless one is part of a particular organization. Jane English, who helped translate the Tao Te Ching into English along with Gia-Fu Feng, said in her introduction, The Taoist Way is not dependent on race, creed or any culture form. Native Americans are exempt from peyote law. Therefore, that freedom is only provided for a certain race. This is not religious freedom. It discriminates all other races. Ayahuasca is protected as a religious practice in Brazil. If a certain practice is considered religious by another country, culture or tradition, and our country is founded on the melting pot ideal, granting religious freedom; why is it that we do not recognize religious practices from other countries for our citizens? Research indicates that people who take ayahuasca show unusually large numbers of serotonin receptors (Stanislav Grof, Forgotten Truth). This is beginning to prove to western psychiatrists that this plant can be more effective in treating certain types of depression and other psychiatric conditions that exist in the current psychiatric paradigm. LSD, when first discovered, showed great promise for psychiatric use. However, as it hit the streets in the 60s, in conjunct with the Vietnam protests and the counter culture movement, it inevitably became illegal as a result of fear and gained a terrible reputation. Because of this it became unavailable to the medical field. This is a strange paradox: How is it that the dominant white culture succeeded in only making an entire field of study taboo and any use thereof punishable by imprisonment, where the same substances are the sacrament of a particular subculture within the larger society and is protected by law? Ralph Metzner postulates, T he fact that the serious use of hallucinogens continues despite severe social and legal sanctions suggests that this is a kind of individual freedom that is not easy to abolish. It also suggests that there is a strong need in certain people to reestablish their connections with ancient traditions of knowledge, in which visionary states of consciousness and exploration of other realities, with or without hallucinogens, were the main concern. In religions and cultures that have made use of hallucinogens, ceremonies express and reinforce the integration of mind, body and spirit; they are simultaneously religious, medicinal, and psychotherapeutic, such as peyote-use, healing-singing circles, sweat lodge and spirit dance among Native Americans. In dominant white societies, we have compartmentalized medicine, psychology and religious spirituality. When hit by the overflow of these drugs on the streets, which were under research at the time, each group approached these substances with fear of its unpredictable transformations of physical perception as well as worldviews. Thus the natural reaction was total prohibition (which hasnt seemed to be such a good idea in the past) not only for religious practices, but also from further research into medicinal and psychotherapeutic uses. These dominant groups didnt want consciousness expanding drugs, or anyone to use them of their own free will. This assumes that people are too ignoran t to make reasoned, informed choices of how to treat their own illnesses, psychological problems, and how to cultivate their own religious practice. The big difference is that in cultures that use these tools, the visions produced are not feared but accepted and respected. They assume that their people have the capacity and responsibility to attune themselves to higher spiritual sources of knowledge and healing. An Ayahuasca Song of the Shipibo sings â€Å"Ayahuasca, medicine, enrapture me fully! Help me by opening your beautiful world to me! You also are created by the god who created man! Reveal to me completely your medicine worlds. I shall heal the sick bodies: These sick children and this sick woman shall I heal by making everything good!† This drug is the cornerstone of some cultures origin of all knowledge (as said in Jeremy Narby’s The Cosmic Serpent: DNA and the Origins of Knowledge) and medicine. If one were to move from this culture into the U.S. and continu e their religious practice, they would be arrested. We have limited religious freedom. Aldous Huxley proposes in The Doors of Perception that modern religions are no longer adequate for the sense of meaning and purpose we require. Religions have become merely words, abstract conceptualization. We need direct experience. It is becoming increasingly difficult for westerners and people in technological/industrial societies to feel the interconnectedness with nature and fellow humans. Many people, certainly many young people who take drugs, do not use hallucinogens as a means of escape, but for achieving the satisfaction of interconnectedness in a spiritual sense. There are many who argue that drugs cannot produce genuine mystical experiences and have no role in spiritual life. What is it then that makes an experience religious? As part of certain religions, people bless their meals through prayer before they eat, although most people dont consider it a sacred or ritualistic act. Intention is what makes a given experience authentically religious. The same drug, or method, can be used to attain nirvana, or religious vision, while in the case of others, such as Charles Manson, could lead to perverse and sadistic acts of violence. These drugs are merely tools to attain altered states, which state depends on the intention of the user. In Buddhism, there is an idea of â€Å"the finger pointing to the moon.† The significance of this metaphor is to simply point out that there are many different paths, many different methods, of getting to the same goal. There are many different sects in Buddhism, for example, with different methodologies, all geared toward achieving the same goal of enlightenment. One can have a religious experience through peyote, through meditation, through yoga, through the use of other psychedelics, or any integration or combination of various spiritual practices. According to the Moral Accounting Metaphor, proposed by Lakoff and Johnson, rights are viewed as entitlements to certain moral goods, meaning certain aspects of well-being. The problem is that few people decide what well-being is for its community, its nation, and all individuals therein. Our conceptions of well-being may or may not be universal among all cultures of the world. But all have a sense of what is right and what is wrong no matter how they come to those conclusions. Many of our metaphorical conceptualizations of morality are inconsistent with one another. Adam Smith proposed that if all citizens of a nation pursue their own self-interest that an invisible hand would operate to bring about the wealth of all. Combining this with the Moral Accounting Metaphor we get the Morality is the Pursuit of Self-Interest Metaphor. Adam Smith’s theory was one of the founding principles of this country and affected how we conduct our business as a nation throughout the world. In P hilosophy in the Flesh, Lakoff and Johnson discuss moral superiority in the moral order metaphor: â€Å"Western culture over non-Western culture; America over other countries; citizens over immigrants; Christians over non-Christians; straights over gays; the rich over the poor. Incidentally, the Moral Order metaphor gives us a better understanding of what fascism is: Fascism legitimizes such a moral order and seeks to enforce it through the power of the state (p. 304).† In our culture using drugs in viewed as wrong, immoral, dirty and repulsive. The prevailing although rarely acknowledged attitude in American courts is that almost any trial is too good for a person accused of a drug crime. That attitude was succinctly displayed in a remark made in 1987 by one of the most liberal Supreme Court Justices. The late Thurgood Marshall, a lifelong defender of the Bill of Rights, told Life Magazine, If its a dope case, I wont even read the petition. I aint giving no break to no dope dealer. That statement caught the attention of some in the legal profession, but it produced neither a bark of criticism nor a paragraph of protest. What would have happened if Justice Marshall had said the same thing about petitions from politicians convicted of bribery? Or those of securities dealers convicted of stock fraud? In stark contrast, when Judge Harold Baer ruled in favor of a drug defendant, Presidential candidate Bob Dole called for his impeachment and the White House said it would ask for his resignation if he didn’t change his ru ling. He changed it. Police may search an open field without warrant or cause, even if it has no trespassing signs and the police trespass is a criminal offense. They may also, as in Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four, conduct close helicopter surveillance of our homes and backyards. They may also search our garbage cans without cause. First class mail may be opened without a warrant on less than probable cause The exclusionary rule which forbids use of illegally-obtained evidence has been restricted to the point of absurdity. The rule does not apply to grand jury proceedings, to civil cases, or even to sentencing procedures. It does not apply even in a criminal trial if the defendant has the temerity to testify in his own defense, for the illegally-obtained evidence can then be used to impeach the defendant as a witness. The signers of the Declaration of Independence believed, with John Locke, that the right of property was fundamental and inalienable, an aspect of humanity. They regarded liberty as impossible without property, which was the guardian of every other right. These beliefs are reflected in constitutional text. The Fifth Amendment declares that No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Under federal statutes, any property is subject to forfeiture if it is used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit or to facilitate the commission of a drug crime. No one need be convicted or even accused of a crime for forfeiture to occur. Indeed, in eighty percent or more of drug forfeitures, no one is ever charged with a crime. A person can have her motor home confiscated without any proceedings of any kind, if the confiscation is a drug forfeiture. Courts hold that illegally seized property need not be returned if the police can establish probable cause at the forfeiture proceeding itself. It doesnt matter that there was no cause for the seizure; it doesnt matter that the seizure was illegal, even unconstitutional. If the government can later establish probable cause (through investigation of the seized property itself after the seizure), that is sufficient to uphold a forfeiture. A court recently held that a home was forfeitable because the owner, when he applied for a home equity loan, intended to use the proceeds to buy drugs. By the time the loan actually came through, he had used other funds for that purpose, but that didnt matter, the court said, because he had intended to use the home to secure a loan, the proceeds of which he intended to use for drugs. The home was therefore no longer his. Any activities within a home that relate to drugs are sufficient for forfeiture of the home. A phone call to or from a source, the possession of chemicals, wrappers, paraphernalia of any kind; the storing or reading of any how to books on the cultivation or production of drugs, which I own. The operative question is whether any of these activities was intended to facilitate a drug offense. If a car is driven to or from a place where drugs are bought or sold and is then parked in a garage attached to a home, the home has then been used to store the car, which facilitated the transaction, and is probably forfeitable along with the car. If the home is located on a 120 acre farm, the entire farm goes as well. When drug proceeds were deposited in a bank account that contained several hundred thousand dollars in clean funds, the entire account was declared forfeit on the theory that the clean funds facilitated the laundering of the tainted funds. Where a drug dealer owned and operated a ranch, his quarter horses all 27 of them were forfeited on the theory that as part of a legitimate business, the livestock were part of a front for the owners illegal activities. On this theory, the more innocent ones use of property is, the more effective it is as a front or cover and therefore the more clearly forfeitable. Dozens of people have lost their homes for growing a few marijuana plants for personal use, including James Burton, a glaucoma sufferer who needed the marijuana to keep from going blind. Burton lost not only his home but his 90 acre Kentucky farm. Thousands of car owners have forfeited their cars because they, or someone else to whom they lent the car, used the car to buy or attempt to buy a small quantity of drugs for personal consumption. Boats and airplanes worth millions of dollars have been forfeited because minute quantities of marijuana were found on board. Yachts and fishing vessels worth millions were seized merely because a crew member may have possessed a small amount of marijuana. The sheriff of Volusia County, Florida routinely stops cars and searches them. If substantial sums of money are found, the money is confiscated, whether or not any drugs are found. The theory is that the money is probably drug related. Police commonly use trained dogs to sniff in and around cars. The dogs usually react positively to cash and therefore suggest the presence of cocaine. This produces a full search and, often, discovery of cash, which is confiscated. But who prosecutes the confiscators, especially if the prosecutor gets part of the proceeds? The Supreme Court said in 1974, the innocence of the owner is irrelevant. After the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, owners of any property seized under civil forfeiture proceedings can defeat forfeiture if they can prove either that offending use occurred or that the offending use occurred without the knowledge or consent of [the] owner. In a Milwaukee case, the owner of a 36-unit apartment building plagued by dope dealing evicted 10 tenants suspected of drug use, gave a master key to the police, forwarded tips to the police and even hired two security firms. The city seized the building anyway. Already, federal forfeiture statutes apply to pornography, gambling, and several other offenses, as well as drugs. Many state statutes apply to property used in any felony. The forfeiture of cars used in sex offenses is commonplace. Some cities confiscate the cars of johns who cruise neighborhoods looking for prostitutes. Other states take ones car for drunk driving. It is clear that the drug war cannot succeed in ending the consumption of illicit substances but if the unwinnable war continues, it can deprive us all of precious liberties. It has already done so. Terrence McKenna said, Psychedelics are a red-hot, social/ethical issue precisely because they are de-conditioning agents. They will raise doubts in you if you are a Hassidic rabbi, a Marxist anthropologist, or an altar boy because their business is to dissolve belief systems. In the Buddhist idea of samsara, it is thought that the human mind will do all it can to attach itself to its own ego or idea of the self. Meditation in this tradition is also known as a de-conditioning agent where self-created ideas of self and reality disappear to reveal ones true Buddha-nature. McKenna felt we have a moral obligation to examine and think clearly about our notions of self and other. Psychedelics have played a role in this process all throughout history. Why are they not valued, recognized and included today in our culture/political system? Ralph Metzner said, Our materialist-technological societycan ill afford to ignore any potential aids to greater knowledge of the human mind. Approaching th ese substances with fear and disbelief will only harm us. We must protect these substances for religious, medicinal and psychotherapeutic purposes. One could achieve exploration of unconscious or â€Å"unmapped† areas of the mind, as Huxley puts it, through a wide variety of spiritual practices such as prayer, meditation, yoga, martial arts, extreme exercise, or even intense moments of emotion, positive or negative. It is within our power to fully awaken to our innate Buddha-Nature at any time as the Zen tradition believes but it relies on the intention of the user at any given moment. In The Doors of Perception Huxley asks â€Å"What is the Dharma-Body of the Buddha? the Master answers ‘the hedge at the bottom of the garden.’† And Huxley replies â€Å"†¦of course the Dharma-Body was the hedge at the bottom of the garden. At the same time, and no less obviously, it was anything that I or rather the blessed Not-I, released for a moment from my throttling embrace cared to look at (p.19).† Huxley explains, taking a theory of Dr. C. D. Broad, a Cambridge philosopher, that â€Å"the function of the brain and nervous system and sense organs is in the main eliminative and not productive (p. 22).† Again referring to Buddhist philosophy he says that everyone is capable at each moment of being aware of all that is occurring in the universe and remembering all that has happened in the universe. Thus the function of the brain is protection from the overwhelming and confusing infinite knowledge of the universe which is largely useless and irrelevant at given moments. We only use what is necessary in the present moment for fulfilling basic desires such as survival and sustenance. Thus, â€Å"Mind at Large† is filtered through our brain and nervous system and all that comes out is a â€Å"trickle† of consciousness. Most people, most of the time only know what is brought through their own reducing valve. These spiritual exercises, hypnosis, and chemicals create by-passes into â€Å"Mind at Large.† Huxley explains: â€Å"The great change was in the realm of objective fact. What had happened to my subjective universe was relatively unimportant†¦Space [and time] were still there; but it had lost its predominance. The mind was primarily concerned, not with measures and locations, but with being and meaning (p. 16, 20).† Mescaline can do this by lowering the efficiency of the mind, in the sense that by regulating the enzyme system in cerebral functioning it draws attention away from mental events normally excluded because they possess no survival imperative. This also can explain how fasting can induce visionary experiences; by sinking the amount of sugar to the brain reducing the biological efficiency. Furthermore, vitamin deficiency removes nicotinic acid from the blood, a known inhibitor of visions. Our normal perceptual lives can also act as an inhibitor of visionary experiences. Psychologists have found that if you put someone in an â€Å"isolation tank†, or restricted environment where there is no sound, smell, light, or perceivable things and place them in a tepid bath with only one thing to perceive, one will begin to start â€Å"see things,† â€Å"hear things,† and have strange tactile sensations. In such traditions involving extreme asceticism and meditation in both wes tern and eastern traditions, there are similar effects. As Huxley says, â€Å"Their self-inflicted punishment may be the door to paradise (p. 88).† I am not arguing that these substances are safe and should be used by everyone. It is well known that these â€Å"drugs† have harmed many people, caused psychotic episodes; people commit suicide while on them etc. This is another important reason why they are approached with fear. However many people are able to take these tools responsibly and under religious ritual. We are being oppressed by these embodied attitudes and laws. These drugs have religious import and they should be recognized and protected by the state. Research Papers on "Hoc-est Corpus - This is My Body" - Religious Studies EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionGenetic EngineeringArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Comparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentMind Travel

Barrier and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Barrier and communication - Essay Example These are the logical responsibilities of communication. Communication also impinges on the enthusiasm of employees to endow with useful suggestions In fact, effective communication between supervisors and employees for employees to make the important development require at every stage of decision. Employees characteristically are diffident to shape their goals, their concerns and their disappointments. Of course, an employee may be a moaner and share views to the summit a supervisor silently begs for less "communication." Much more widespread is necessitate better understanding what an employee is "really thinking. There are a number of ways that people go erroneous situation when communicating. Unfortunately, obstructions to workplace communication can escort to co-worker alienation, a stoppage to make a good intuition, arguments and misinterpretations. Perceptual Barriers: Employees nurture familiarized to perceiving things in meticulous ways, making it complicated to distinguish new meanings. For example, a manager who has a preference to appoint Ivy League graduates may neglect the outstanding and excellent contributions that could be made by a group of people, society, community and college students. Due to unfounded perceptions, a worker may urge incorrect solutions. Sandra Cleary suggests in her book â€Å"Communication: A Hands-On Approach† that education and intelligence impinge on our way of thinking, as do a persons physiological, security and self esteem needs. Physiological Barriers: Physiological barriers are characteristics of the speaker or listener that interfere with the transmission or reception of knowledge. Such as, an itching may make it complicated to be considerate to a conversation or drowsiness may affect an employees attentiveness. Physical soreness, aches and depression also unconstructively influence hearing and elucidation of a message. Other issues, such as famine,